Europe - Largest Colonizing Empires of the World

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It comprises the westernmost peninsulas of the continental landmass of Eurasia and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east.

Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although much of this border is over land, Europe is generally accorded the status of a full continent because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions.

Geography of Europe

Europe covers about 10,180,000 Sq.km (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth’s surface (6.8% of land area), making it the second smallest continent (using the seven-continent model). Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states, of which Russia is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a total population of about 746 million (about 10% of the world population) in 2018.

The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast.

List of the countries of Europe:

ALBANIA

Capital	Tirana
Official languages	Albanian
Area	28,748 Sq.km
Population	0.28 crores (98.5/Sq.km)
GDP	₹2,61,064 crores
Currency	1 Albanian Lek = 0.72 INR
Major Cities	Durrës, Vlorë and Shkodër

ANDORRA

Capital	Andorra la Vella
Official languages	Catalan
Area	468 Sq.km
Population	77,281 (179.8/Sq.km)
GDP	₹23,930 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Escaldes-Engordany, Sant Julià de Lòria, Encamp

AUSTRIA

Capital	Vienna
Official languages	German
Area	83,858 Sq.km
Population	0.88 crores (104/Sq.km)
GDP	₹31,87,891 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Vienna, Graz, Linz

BELARUS

Capital	Minsk
Official languages	Belarusian, Russian
Area	2,07,600 Sq.km
Population	0.95 crores (45.8/Sq.km)
GDP	₹12,97,347 crores
Currency	1 Belarusian Ruble = 29.41 INR
Major Cities	Grodno, Gomel, Mogilev

BELGIUM

Capital	Brussels
Official languages	Dutch, French, German
Area	30,510 Sq.km
Population	1.13 crores (372/Sq.km)
GDP	₹38,32,576 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Capital	Sarajevo
Official languages	Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
Area	51,129 Sq.km
Population	0.35 crores (68.97/Sq.km)
GDP	₹3,23,430 crores
Currency	1 Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark = 45.35 INR
Major Cities	Banja Luka, Tuzla, Zenica

BULGARIA

Capital	Sofia
Official languages	Bulgarian
Area	1,10,994 Sq.km
Population	0.71 crores (64.9/Sq.km)
GDP	₹11,10,250 crores
Currency	1 Bulgarian Lev = 45.32 INR
Major Cities	Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas

CROATIA

Capital	Zagreb
Official languages	Croatian
Area	56,594 Sq.km
Population	0.43 crores (75.8/Sq.km)
GDP	₹7,34,607 crores
Currency	1 Croatian Kuna = 11.84 INR
Major Cities	Split, Rijeka, Osijek

CYPRUS

Capital	Nicosia
Official languages	Greek, Turkish
Area	5,896 Sq.km
Population	0.12 crores (123.4/Sq.km)
GDP	₹2,29,156 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Limassol, Larnaca, Stróvolos

CZECH REPUBLIC

Capital	Prague
Official languages	Czech
Area	78,866 Sq.km
Population	1 crore (134/Sq.km)
GDP	₹27,245 crores
Currency	1 Czech Koruna = 3.49 INR
Major Cities	: Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň

DENMARK

Capital	Copenhagen
Official languages	Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic, German
Area	44,493 Sq.km
Population	0.57 crores (133.9/Sq.km)
GDP	₹20,79,816 crores
Currency	1 Danish Krone = 11.93 INR
Major Cities	Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg

ESTONIA

Capital	Tallinn
Official languages	Estonian
Area	45,339 Sq.km
Population	0.13 crores (28/Sq.km)
GDP	₹3,01,674 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Tartu, Narva, Pärnu

FINLAND

Capital	Helsinki
Official languages	Finnish, Swedish
Area	3,38,145 Sq.km
Population	0.55 crores (16/Sq.km)
GDP	₹17,69,439 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa

FRANCE

Capital	Paris
Official languages	French
Area	547,030 Sq.km
Population	6.73 crores (116/Sq.km)
GDP	₹2,05,66,104 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR; 1 CFP Franc = 0.74 INR
Major Cities	Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse

GEORGIA

Capital	Tbilisi
Official languages	Georgian, Abkhazian
Area	69,700 Sq.km
Population	0.37 crores (53.5/Sq.km)
GDP	₹2,87,896 crores
Currency	1 Georgian Lari = 23.16 INR
Major Cities	Batumi, Kutaisi, Rustavi

GERMANY

Capital	Berlin
Official languages	German
Area	3,57,022 Sq.km
Population	8.31 crores (232/Sq.km)
GDP	₹3,47,21,321 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Munich, Hamburg, Stuttgart

GREECE

Capital	Athens
Official languages	Greek
Area	131,957 Sq.km
Population	1.07 crores (82/Sq.km)
GDP	₹22,69,093 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.71 INR
Major Cities	Patras, Thessaloniki, Patrai

HUNGARY

Capital	Budapest
Official languages	Hungarian
Area	93,030 Sq.km
Population	97.3 lakhs (105/Sq.km)
GDP	₹23,13,565 crores
Currency	1 Hungarian Forint = 0.25 INR
Major Cities	Debrecen, Miskolc, Szekesfehervar

ICELAND

Capital	Reykjavik
Official languages	Icelandic
Area	102,775 Sq.km
Population	3.68 lakhs (3.5/Sq.km)
GDP	₹1,39,103 crores
Currency	1 Icelandic Krona = 0.60 INR
Major Cities	Kopavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri

REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

Capital	Dublin
Official languages	Irish
Area	70,273 Sq.km
Population	49.77 lakhs (70.8/Sq.km)
GDP	₹36,60,590 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.73 INR
Major Cities	Cork, Limerick, Galway

ITALY

Capital	Rome
Official languages	Italian
Area	301,340 Sq.km
Population	6.03 crores (201.3/Sq.km
GDP	₹1,90,31,948 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.73 INR
Major Cities	Milan, Naples, Turin

KOSOVO

Capital	Pristina
Official languages	Albanian, Serbian
Area	10,887 Sq.km
Population	18.73 lakhs (159/Sq.km)
GDP	₹1,68,359 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.73 INR
Major Cities	Prizren, Gnjilane, Pec

LATVIA

Capital	Riga
Official languages	Latvian
Area	64,589 Sq.km
Population	19.07 lakhs (29.6/Sq.km)
GDP	₹4,61,158 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.73 INR
Major Cities	Daugavpils, Liepaja, Jelgava

LIECHTENSTEIN

Capital	Vaduz
Official languages	German
Area	160 Sq.km
Population	38,896 (237/Sq.km)
GDP	₹38,795 crores
Currency	1 Swiss Franc = 81.33 INR
Major Cities	Schaan, Triesen, Balzers

LITHUANIA

Capital	Vilnius
Official languages	Lithuanian
Area	65,300 Sq.km
Population	27.93 lakhs (43/Sq.km)
GDP	₹7,83,302 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.69 INR
Major Cities	Raudondvaris, Kėdainiai, Trakai

LUXEMBOURG

Capital	Luxembourg City
Official languages	Luxembourgish, French, German
Area	2,586.4 Sq.km
Population	6.33 lakhs (242/Sq.km)
GDP	₹4,86,131 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Esch-sur-Alzette, Dudelange, Schifflange

NORTH MACEDONIA

Capital	Skopje
Official languages	Macedonian, Albanian
Area	25,713 Sq.km
Population	20.77 lakhs (80.1/Sq.km)
GDP	₹2,47,587 crores
Currency	1 Macedonian Denar = 1.44 INR
Major Cities	Bitola, Kumanovo, Prilep

MALTA

Capital	Valletta
Official languages	Maltese
Area	316 Sq.km
Population	5.14 lakhs (1626.53/Sq.km)
GDP	₹1,67,058 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Birgu, Mdina, Cospicua

MOLDOVA

Capital	Chisinau
Official languages	Moldovan
Area	33,846 Sq.km
Population	26.4 lakhs (86.2/Sq.km)
GDP	₹2,63,521 crores
Currency	1 Moldovan Leu = 4.13 INR
Major Cities	Comrat, Straseni, Durlesti

MONACO

Capital	Monte Carlo Quarter
Official languages	French
Area	2.1 Sq.km
Population	38,300 (18,713/Sq.km)
GDP	₹56,153 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	La Condamine, La Turbie, Gorbio

MONTENEGRO

Capital	Podgorica
Official languages	Montenegrin
Area	13,812 Sq.km
Population	6.21 lakhs (45/Sq.km)
GDP	₹87,847 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Nikšić, Pljevlja, Herceg Novi

NETHERLANDS

Capital	Amsterdam (Capital), The Hague (Government)
Official languages	Dutch
Area	41,865 Sq.km
Population	1.76 crores (423/Sq.km)
GDP	₹76,88,887 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht

NORWAY

Capital	Oslo
Official languages	Norwegian, Sami
Area	3,85,207 Sq.km
Population	53.91 lakhs (14/Sq.km)
GDP	₹25,63,050 crores
Currency	1 Norwegian Krone = 8.80 INR
Major Cities	Bergen, Stavanger, Trondheim

POLAND

Capital	Warsaw
Official languages	Polish
Area	3,12,696 Sq.km
Population	3.82 crores (123/Sq.km)
GDP	₹99,81,249 crores
Currency	1 Poland złoty = 19.62 INR
Major Cities	Kraków, Gdańsk, Wrocław

PORTUGAL

Capital	Lisbon
Official languages	Portuguese
Area	92,212 Sq.km
Population	10.2 crores (1106.14/Sq.km)
GDP	₹27,24,156 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Porto, Vila Nova de Gaia, Braga

ROMANIA

Capital	Bucharest
Official languages	Romanian
Area	2,38,397 Sq.km
Population	1.93 crores (84.4/Sq.km)
GDP	₹46,48,866 crores
Currency	1 Romanian Leu = 18.04 INR
Major Cities	Brasov, Sighișoara, Sibiu

RUSSIA (EUROPE)

Capital	Moscow
Official languages	Russian
Area	1,70,98,246 Sq.km
Population	14.61 crores (8.4/Sq.km)
GDP	₹3,16,83,491 crores
Currency	1 Russian Ruble = 1.02 INR
Major Cities	Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Saint Petersburg

SAN MARINO

Capital	San Marino
Official languages	Italian
Area	61.2 Sq.km
Population	33,600 (520/Sq.km)
GDP	₹15,299 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Dogana, Serravalle, Borgo Maggiore

SERBIA

Capital	Belgrade
Official languages	Serbian
Area	88,361 Sq.km
Population	69.26 lakhs (89/Sq.km)
GDP	₹9,51,821 crores
Currency	1 Serbian Dinar = 0.75 INR
Major Cities	Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac

SLOVAKIA

Capital	Bratislava
Official languages	Slovak
Area	49,035 Sq.km
Population	54.64 lakhs (/Sq.km)
GDP	₹13,90,961 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Košice, Žilina, Prešov

SLOVENIA

Capital	Ljubljana
Official languages	Slovene
Area	20,271 Sq.km
Population	21.08 lakhs (103/Sq.km)
GDP	₹6,07,638 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Maribor, Celje, Kranj

SPAIN

Capital	Madrid
Official languages	Spanish
Area	5,05,990 Sq.km
Population	4.74 crores (94/Sq.km)
GDP	₹1,42,17,284 crores
Currency	1 Euro = 88.72 INR
Major Cities	Barcelona, Valencia, Málaga

SWEDEN

Capital	Stockholm
Official languages	Swedish
Area	4,50,295 Sq.km
Population	1.03 crores (/Sq.km)
GDP	₹41,21,441 crores
Currency	1 Swedish Krona = 8.79 INR
Major Cities	Göteborg, Malmö, Uppsala

SWITZERLAND

Capital	Bern
Official languages	German, French, Italian, Romansh
Area	41,285 Sq.km
Population	85.70 lakhs (207/Sq.km)
GDP	₹42,75,142 crores
Currency	1 Swiss Franc = 81.40 INR
Major Cities	Zurich, Geneva, Basel

UKRAINE

Capital	Kiev
Official languages	Ukrainian
Area	6,03,628 Sq.km
Population	4.14 crores (73.8/Sq.km)
GDP	₹31,43,873 crores
Currency	1 Ukrainian hryvnia = 2.71 INR
Major Cities	Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa

UNITED KINGDOM

Capital	London
Official languages	English
Area	2,42,495 Sq.km
Population	6.78 crores (270.7/Sq.km)
GDP	₹2,30,05,409 crores
Currency	1 Pound sterling = 103.31 INR
Major Cities	Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool
Constituent countries	England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland