South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern subcontinent of the Americas. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in recent decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).
South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometres (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population as of 2018 has been estimated at more than 423 million.
Capital Buenos Aires Official languages Spanish Area 27,80,400 Sq.km Population 4.51 crores (17/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 75,69,245 crores Currency 1 Argentine Peso = 0.77 INR Major Cities Cordoba, Rosario, Mendoza
Capital Sucre, La Paz Official languages Spanish Area 10,98,581 Sq.km Population 1.17 crores (11/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 6,59,451 crores Currency 1 Bolivian Boliviano = 10.51 INR Major Cities Santa Cruz de la Sierra, El Alto, Cochabamba
Capital Brasilia Official languages Portuguese Area 85,15,767 Sq.km Population 21.25 crores (25/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 2,41,80,387 crores Currency 1 Brazilian Real = 14.28 INR Major Cities Sao Paulo, Rio De Janeiro, Salvador
Capital Santiago Official languages Spanish Area 7,56,096 Sq.km Population 1.91 crores (26/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 33,39,294 crores Currency 1 Chilean Peso = 0.10 INR Major Cities Vina del Mar, Valparaiso, Concepcion
Capital Bogota Official languages Spanish Area 11,41,748 Sq.km Population 5.08 crores (46/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 60,67,120 crores Currency 1 Colombian Peso = 0.020 INR Major Cities Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena
Capital Quito Official languages Spanish Area 2,85,561 Sq.km Population 1.76 crores (71/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 14,79,218 crores Currency 1 USD = 73.23 INR Major Cities Guayaquil, Cuenca, Ambato
Capital Stanley Official languages English Area 12,200 Sq.km Population 3,480 (0.28/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 1,669 crores Currency 1 Falkland Islands Pound = 103.425 INR Major Cities Goose Green, Port Howard
Capital Cayenne Official languages French Area 83,534 Sq.km Population 2.98 lakhs (4/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 35,670 crores Currency 1 Euro = 88.63 INR Major Cities Kourou, Remire-Montjoly, Mana
Capital Georgetown Official languages English Area 2,14,970 Sq.km Population 7.86 lakhs (4/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 1,00,051 crores Currency 1 Guyanese Dollar = 0.349 INR Major Cities New Amsterdam, Rosignol, Mahaica
Capital Asuncion Official languages Spanish Area 4,06,796 Sq.km Population 73.59 lakhs (18/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 7,39,732 crores Currency 1 Paraguayan Guarani = 0.011 INR Major Cities Ciudad del Este, San Lorenzo, Luque
Capital Lima Official languages Spanish Area 12,85,216 Sq.km Population 3.29 crores (26/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 28,20,244 crores Currency 1 Peruvian Sol = 18.76 INR Major Cities Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo
Capital Paramaribo Official languages Dutch Area 1,63,821 Sq.km Population 5.75 lakhs (2.9/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 65,926 crores Currency 1 Surinamese Dollar = 3.49 INR Major Cities Nieuw Nickerie, Moengo, Albina
Capital Montevideo Official languages Spanish Area 1,76,215 Sq.km Population 35.18 lakhs (51.3/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 6,55,879 crores Currency 1 Uruguayan Peso = 1.68 INR Major Cities Salto, Ciudad de la Costa, Paysandu
Capital Caracas Official languages Spanish Area 9,16,445 Sq.km Population 2.28 crores (87.4/Sq.km) GDP ₹ 14,94,995 crores Currency 1 INR = 424 Venezuelan Bolivares Major Cities Maracaibo, Barquismeto, Maracay
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